The fifth chapter's content is devided into 4 main topics; the classical background reflected in the Renaissance Period, its influence towards works, some stories of Mythology, how the classical Mythology affects Shakespeare, and a little bit on Secena.
1. the Classical Bacground
It is said that the Classical Background influenced the Renaissance very much. Since the Renaissance means the "rebirth" or the "rediscovery of Classical knowledge", the Classics played the very important role in this period. Thus, because the Classics means the Greek and Roman knowledge, Mythology were once agaib flourished in the Renaissance and the Elizabethan Period.
2. Its influence towards works
The Classics, as aforementioned, was widespread throughout the Renaissance England. Its influence affects every poet to write works containing the allusion to Mythology. Though in the beginning of the Middle Ages, the former period, Mythology was reduced its importance because of the Church's opposition, the opposition did not last long. Knowing that to succeed the Rhetorical Aim, it is needed for Mythology to be cited, the Church reconciled by bringing back the Mythology to England society, but ended every story by moralizing it according to the Christian ideas. The reason why the Church disliked Mythology in the first place is because they didn't believed in the Greeks' idea of many gods. For Christian, there is only one God in the whole world, therefore, that's the reason why the Classics was protested in the beginning of the period.
3. Some Stories of Mythology
To cite all the story of Mythology, it would be too long here. Therefore, I will list the entire characters claimed in this chapter. Because I know that all of you had read that before, it wouldn’t be too difficult to review—right? But if I have time, I will surely recap it for you—maybe after 10. For more information, go read page 75-83.
(1) Saturn(Cronus)** and Rhea
(2) Zeus(Jove, Jupiter)****
(3) Hera(Juno), Lucina****
(4) Mercury(Hermes)**
(5) Europa**
(6) Agenor, Europa’s father*
(7) Hades, Dis***
(8) Neptune**
(9) Triton
(10) Persephone(Prosepine, Proserpina)***
(11) Ceres, Demeter***
(12) Diana, Hecate***
(13) The Furies
(14) Tartarus
(15) R.Styx
(16) R.Archaron
(17) R.Lethe
(18) R.Charon
(19) Pheobus Apollo, Titan, Sol, Hyperion****
(20) Delphi, Apollo’s temple
(21) Gertrude
(22) Claudius
(23) Thersites
(24) Satyr
(25) Midas**
(26) Pan**
(27) Daphne***
(28) Phaeton, Apollo’s son***
(29) Argus***
(30) Io***
(31) Ferdinand, Miranda, Hymen
(32) Minerva, Pallas, Athena, Arachne****
(33) Ceres, Demeter****
(34) Venus****
(35) Vulcan
(36) Bellona
(37) Mars****
(38) Cupid
(39) Actaeon
(40) The Fates, the three sisters
(41) Theseus, son of Aegeus king of Athens
(42) Minotaur ***
(43) Didalus***
(44) Ariadne***
(45) Medea***
(46) King Aeete, Medea’a barbarian father
(47) Jason, a Greek hero
(48) Niobe
(49) Dido of Carthage****
(50) Pyramus and Thisbe****
(51) Hercules, son of Jove and Alcmene****
(52) The Hydra
(53) Cyberus**
(54) Atlas****
(55) The Herperides
(56) Lichas
(57) Nessus
(58) Paris****
(59) Priam****
(60) Hellen****
(61) Hecuba***
(62) Menelaus, king of Sparta***
(63) Troilus and Cressida
(64) Aeneas****
(65) Locrine
(66) Lear
(67) Gorboduc
3. How the Classical Mythology affects Shakespeare
The Classical Mythology affects Shakespeare to write many books that contains the allusion to both the Bible and Mythology. The benefit of the allusion is about the aim of the rhetoric, the allegorical meaning, and its affect on people. His knowledge of Mythology was supposed to get from the Translation versions, not the Latin and Greek because he was evaluated as a writer who knows less Latin and Greek. Anyway, his works is great and for some people he was regarded as “a greatest writer”. Shakespeare’s classical knowledge derived from many sources. I will list them orderly as following;
· 90%--from Ovid’s Metamorphoses
· 5%--from Seneca, his second source
· 5%--from may writers like Horace and others
However, it is said that though Shakespeare was excessively influenced by those great writers, he has his own style and identity though in some works, but a little, the language he used is obviously in the form of some of them.
4. About Seneca
He is a Roman dramatist and philosopher of the first century A.D., who wrote what, has been described as “chamber drama” tragedies designed to be recited and not to be acted on the stage.
ทำไมซินิกาจึงโดดเด่น?
(1) เขาใช้ภาษาสละสลวยและมีอิทธิพลต่อคนดูมาก ทำให้คนดูมีอารมณ์ร่วม
(2) เขาเขียนเรื่องไม่แค่คิดว่าจะใช้แสดงบนเวทีเท่นั้น แต่ยังบรรยายอย่างละเอียด ทั้งฉากการเข่นฆ่ากันที่บนเวทีสมัยนั้นแสดงไม่ได้เรื่องของเขาจึงมีความละเอียดลออ และทำให้คนดูรู้สึกร่วมไปกับเรื่องแม้แค่อ่านก็ตามที
อิทธิพลของงานเขียนสไตล์ซินิกาต่อการละครยุคอลิซาเบธ
(1) ทำให้งานเขียนมีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อที่จะโน้มน้าวใจคนดูมากขึ้น (Rhetoric) ซึ่งแล้วแต่ว่างานเขียนนั้นมีจุดมุ่งหมายอะไรก็ตอบสนองตามจุดมุ่งหมายนั้น
(2) ใช้ถ้อยคำการบรรยายที่เป็นภาษาที่งดงาม
(3) ปรัชญา Stoicism ของเขาส่งอิทธิพลทางความคิดอย่างกว้างไกล ไม่เพียงแต่เชคสเปียเท่านั้น แต่เป็นนักเขียนแทบทุกคน หรือทุกคนในยุคนั้น
แถม---Miscellaneous!!!
[1] Seneca’s main idea was always about the revenges, thus, it often comprised with the ghosts or other supernatural.
[2] Stoicism was one of the new philosophical movements of the Hellenistic period. The name derives from the porch in the Agora at Athens decorated with mural paintings, where the members of the school congregated, and their lectures were held. Unlike ‘epicurean,’ the sense of the English adjective ‘stoical’ is not utterly misleading with regard to its philosophical origins. The Stoics did, in fact, hold that emotions like fear or envy (or impassioned sexual attachments, or passionate love of anything whatsoever) either were, or arose from, false judgements and that the sage--a person who had attained moral and intellectual perfection--would not undergo them. The later Stoics of Roman Imperial times, Seneca and Epictetus, emphasise the
doctrines (already central to the early Stoics' teachings) that the sage is utterly immune to misfortune and that virtue is sufficient for happiness. Our phrase ‘stoic calm’ perhaps encapsulates the general drift of these claims. It does not, however, hint at the even more radical ethical views which the Stoics defended, e.g. that only the sage is free while all others are slaves, or that all those who are morally vicious are equally so. Though it seems clear that some Stoics took a kind of perverse joy in advocating views which seem so at odds with common sense, they did not do so simply to shock. Stoic ethics achieves a certain plausibility within the context of their physical theory and psychology, and within the framework of Greek ethical theory as that was handed down to them from Plato and Aristotle. It seems that they were well aware of the mutually interdependent nature of their philosophical views, likening philosophy itself to a living animal in which logic is bones and sinews; ethics and physics, the flesh and the soul respectively (another version reverses this assignment, making ethics the soul). Their views in logic and physics are no less distinctive and interesting than those in ethics itself.
[3] The Renaissance Period was always claimed as the period of the Classics, but its language is actually Latin because of the continual influence of the Church. So the Mythological characters were always remembered in the Roman, or Latin, names.
[4] Homer เขียน 1. the Iliad และ 2. the Odyssey
[5] Ovid เขียน 1.Metamorphoses กับ 2. the Iniad
แค่นี้แล้วกันนะจ๊ะ พิมพ์มะไหวแล้ว มีไรมาถามกัน in the flesh นะจ๊า ถ้าเรารู้ก็จะรีบบอกเลยจ้า
ป.ล.ใครได้แล้วช่วยโพสตอบไว้ด้วยนะ
แต๊งจ้า+โทดนะจ๊ะเราชอบพิมผิดเต็มไปหมด แต่ไม่มีเวลาแก้แล้ว อ่านผ่านๆไปละกันนะ
บายยยยย เออ เรามีตารางMyth อยู่ ถ้าจำเรื่องไม่ได้ มาถามเราได้นะ บายๆ
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